Documents as sources of data

Question 1

What are Scott's four criteria for assessing the quality of documents?

a) Credibility, reliability, accuracy, meaning

b) Comprehensiveness, accuracy, value, rigour

c) Authenticity, credibility, representativeness, meaning

d) Objectivity, subjectivity, authenticity, value

Question 2

Why does Bryman raise questions about biographies of Walt Disney?

a) Because access to materials in the official Disney archives is tightly controlled

b) Because they have been "ghost written" by other authors

c) Because they are not representative of all great figures in cartoon history

d) Because he never enjoyed watching Lady and the Tramp as a child

Question 3

Why might a collection of personal letters from the nineteenth century be low in representativeness?

a) Because it would be difficult to read old-fashioned styles of handwriting

b) Because it can be hard for a modern day researcher to understand such materials

c) Because they might have been forged by an unscrupulous dealer

d) Because at that time literacy was mainly limited to middle class males

Question 4

Why might social researchers be interested in analysing photographs as a form of visual data?

a) To find out more about fashion, artifacts and everyday life in a particular social setting

b) To study the way photographs present idealized depictions of family life

c) To help them to see what has not been photographed and why

d) All of the above

Question 5

Which of the following is not an example of an official document?

a) A report of a public inquiry into a disaster

b) A PhD student's collection of interview transcripts

c) Documentation from a pharmaceutical company about a new drug

d) A leaked memo from one member of parliament to another

Question 6

Which of the following can be studied as a documentary source from the mass media?

a) The minutes of a parish council meeting

b) Personal letters between a mother and her daughter

c) Newspaper articles about a particular issue or event

d) The staff newsletter produced by a private company

Question 7

Why can it be difficult to establish the authenticity of virtual data?

a) Because we do not know who wrote the material on a web site

b) Because virtual data are not as good as actual data

c) Because it may require specialist "inside knowledge" to understand the text

d) Because it is usually presented in the form of visual images

Question 8

Why is it important to study the way audiences "read" cultural documents?

a) To demonstrate how audiences passively accept whatever they are told

b) Because their interpretation of it may differ from that intended by the author

c) Because sociologists are running out of new things to research

d) Because there is a lot of funding available for focus group studies

Question 9

How does qualitative content analysis differ from quantitative content analysis?

a) It is always preceded by ethnographic research

b) It involves counting the number of times certain words appear in a text

c) It is less rigid, as researchers are constantly revising their concepts

d) It is less likely to be used by feminist researchers

Question 10

What is semiotics?

a) The study of semi-detached houses

b) A half-baked attempt at social research

c) The method of semi-structured interviewing

d) The science of signs