इस ब्लॉग्स को सृजन करने में आप सभी से सादर सुझाव आमंत्रित हैं , कृपया अपने सुझाव और प्रविष्टियाँ प्रेषित करे , इसका संपूर्ण कार्य क्षेत्र विश्व ज्ञान समुदाय हैं , जो सभी प्रतियोगियों के कॅरिअर निर्माण महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान देगा ,आप अपने सुझाव इस मेल पत्ते पर भेज सकते हैं - chandrashekhar.malav@yahoo.com
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28. International Nuclear Information System
(INIS)
P- 05. Information Sources, Systems and Services *
By :Dr.Renu Arora,Paper Coordinator
Content Learn More 1. Introduction
The International Nuclear Information System (INIS) is the world’s leading information system on the peaceful uses of nuclear science and technology. INIS is operated by the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency)Vienna started functioning in 1970. INIS covers all aspects of the peaceful uses of nuclear science and technology, from nuclear reactors, reactor safety and nuclear fusion to applications of radiation and radioisotopes in medicine, agriculture or industry. Many other related topics, like environmental, legal and social aspects associated with nuclear energy, as well as economic and environmental aspects of non-nuclear energy sources are also covered.
INIS maintains, in co-operation with its members, a database with currently over 3.3 million bibliographic references and a collection of 300,000 unique full-text publications, which has been in operation since 1970 with127 countries and 24 international organizations are INIS Members at present.
INIS is not only having conventional literature which is commercially available through regular distribution channels, such as books and magazines, INIS also makes available other forms of literature such as scientific and technical reports, patent documentation, conference proceedings, doctoral thesis and some legal documents, commonly referred to as non-conventional or grey literature and which are difficult to obtain elsewhere. The INIS collection is freely available online since April 2009, providing easy access to reliable nuclear information on the peaceful uses of nuclear science and technology, and making nuclear knowledge readily available worldwide.
2. History
INIS represents a wealth of experience and an extensive pool of information in the nuclear field. The first INIS output products, the printed Atomindex and associated magnetic tapes, were issued in April 1970. INIS has since grown into one of the most successful and comprehensive information systems on the peaceful uses of nuclear science and technology.
Major developments in INIS
Year
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Development
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1966
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International system proposed
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1967
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INIS Secretariat established
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1969
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IAEA Board of Governors approved the system
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1970
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First products generated in printed and electronic forms
INIS membership comprises 39 Member States and 11 international organizations First training course held |
1971
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INIS Thesaurus developed and adopted for documents indexing
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1973
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Full subject scope covered
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1976
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Abstracts added to references
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1977
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100 000 NCL full texts on microfiche available
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1978
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INIS Database accessible on traditional online system
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1979
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French INIS Thesaurus completed
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1981
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Russian INIS Thesaurus completed
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1982
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German INIS Thesaurus completed
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1983
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INIS Multilingual Dictionary (English-French-German-Russian) completed
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1985
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First definition of Membership Arrangements distributed
250 000 NCL full texts on microfiche available |
1986
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One million database references available
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1990
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Expert system for indexing quality control implemented
Input preparation software FIBRE introduced |
1991
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INIS Database available on CD-ROM
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1992
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Expansion of subject scope to include the environmental and economic aspects of non-nuclear energy sources
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1993
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Routine receipt of input to the system by electronic mail
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1994
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Definition of membership arrangements
INIS Mission Statement revised Spanish INIS Thesaurus completed |
1995
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INIS Multilingual Dictionary (English-French-German-Russian-Spanish) completed
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1996
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INIS Web Site launched
500 000 NCL full texts on microfiche available |
1997
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Two million database references available
New electronic technology implemented, and INIS NCL full texts available on CD-ROM; Start of electronic document delivery service INIS computer based training package on CD-ROM released |
1998
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INIS Database on Internet launched
INIS Data Processing System launched (all processing done on-line) |
2000
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INIS Web services launched
INIS Distance Learning Program on Internet launched Definition of membership arrangements revised |
2004
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INIS2 - a regional portal site - opened at the Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI)
INIS given new role in nuclear knowledge preservation and management Computer-assisted indexing (CAI) system started in the INIS Secretariat Two and a half million database references available |
2005
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INIS 35th anniversary (1970-2005)
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2006
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INIS membership comprises 116 Member States and 22 international organizations
INIS Multilingual Dictionary (Arabic-English-Chinese-French-German-Russian-Spanish) completed INIS Database includes 2.7 million bibliographic references and about 700 000 full-text documents |
2008
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Three million bibliographic references available on the INIS database
INIS Database Open Access Pilot Project launched in seven countries |
2009
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Opening of the access to the INIS Database on the Internet
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2010
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INIS 40th Anniversary (1970-2010)
INIS membership comprises 123 Member States and 24 international organizations INIS launches a new website |
2011
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INIS web-based popular topics replace topical CD-ROMs
INIS launches new Google-based web search of its collection On 1 September INIS moved to Google-based search and retired old INIS online database |
2012
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INIS, together with the IAEA Library and the Systems Development and Support Group become part of a newly formed Nuclear Information Section (NIS)
INIS implemented a mobile version of its website |
3. INIS Restructuring
The Director General of the IAEA approved the overall restructuring of the Department of Nuclear Energy (NE) on 20 January 2012. This included the creation of the Nuclear Information Section (NIS) and the establishment of a separate Nuclear Knowledge Management Section.
The newly created Nuclear Information Section consists of:
- INIS Unit
- IAEA Library Unit
- Systems Development and Support Group
This restructuring and creation of NIS provides an opportunity for further enhancement of existing information products and services, and the introduction of new ones - all geared towards the goal of higher organizational efficiency and effectiveness.
4. INIS Collection
Participants of the INIS comprise member states of the IAEA and some international organisation. The scope and subject matter of INIS is peaceful applications of nuclear science and technology; other aspects of nuclear energy and nuclear documentation. Input is received from participating countries and international organizations.
- INIS is having 3.3 million bibliographic records. It offers online access to a unique set of non conventional literature (NCL) of over 280,000 full-text documents, such as scientific and technical reports, conference proceedings, patents and theses, not available through commercial channels.
- Leading reference collection for scientific literature published worldwide on the peaceful uses of nuclear science and technology
- Comprehensive international coverage of scientific and technical literature carried out by INIS Members and the INIS Secretariat
- over 3.4 million bibliographic citations and abstracts of journal articles, scientific and technical reports, conference papers, books, patents, theses, laws, regulations and standards, and web documents, covering publications in 63 languages; all records include keywords and most have an abstract in English
- Includes a unique online collection of over 350 000 full-text documents: scientific and technical reports, conference proceedings, patents, theses, and preprints. This “grey” non-conventional literature (NCL) is not easily available from other sources
- Average annual increase of over 100 000 records.
5. INIS Products and Publications
- INIS Atomindex : a semi-monthly journal with semi-annual and annual cumulative indexes. Derived from the INIS database. It is an abstracts journal containing indexes to authors, report numbers, corporate names, subjects and conferences.
- INIS Reference Series: a set of documents containing rules, standards, formats, coder and authority lists used by the participants in the decentralized INIS program. The series is an essential tool for users, such as cataloguers, indexers, abstractors or searchers. The series has been published by the IAEA since 1969.
- IAEA-INIS/ETDE Thesaurus : "A thesaurus is a terminological control device used in translating from the natural language of documents, indexers or users into a more constrained 'system language' (document language, information language)". It is also "a controlled and dynamic vocabulary of semantically and generically related terms which covers a specific domain of knowledge". The INIS/ETDE Thesaurus is a major tool for describing nuclear information and knowledge in a structured form. The Thesaurus is available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, German, Russian, and Spanish languages. It is of great assistance in multilingual and semantic searches. Over the years the INIS/ETDE Thesaurus has evolved as a result of systematic study and it contains over 30 000 terms.
6. INIS Services
6.1 Outreach and promotion: Outreach and promotion of INIS is undertaken jointly by the INIS Secretariat in Vienna and INIS Liaison Officers in Member States. Its aim is to increase awareness of the INIS, its products and services, and to highlight the benefits for current and potential users. INIS Member States are responsible for organizing promotional activities in their countries while the INIS Secretariat assists by providing promotional and information materials. Activities include:
- Promotion at IAEA and other nuclear conferences, meetings, symposia and exhibitions with online and/or other demonstrations;
- Publishing articles in professional journals;
- INIS advertising in professional journals;
- Provision of promotional materials to hosts;
- Preparation and distribution of brochures, information sheets, and other promotional tools;
- INIS entries published in directories world-wide.
6.2 Capacity building (Training and distance learning) : The INIS Training Program is designed to meet a number of objectives:
- Establishment and improvement of a national information infrastructure in Member States
- Transfer of modern information technology
- Fostering exchange of scientific and technical information
- High quality and coverage of the INIS Database
- Maximum utilization of INIS output products
- Responsiveness to Member States’ needs
Currently the INIS Training Program comprises:
6.21 INIS Training Seminars: INIS Training Seminars are generally held usually every other year in Vienna. The seminars are funded and staffed by INIS and emphasize INIS input skills and use of INIS output products. All aspects of INIS operations are addressed in the training events organized by the IAEA for INIS members, including selection criteria, abstracting, descriptive cataloguing, indexing, retrieval, marketing and promotion. The training events are aimed at assisting INIS Members in training personnel newly involved in input preparation and utilization of output products.
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6.22 INIS Distance Learning Program: The INIS Distance Learning Program provides comprehensive instructions about input preparation in both: Bibliographic Description and Subject Analysis, and usage of the INIS database. The program is available free on CD-ROM, for individualized, self-paced study addressed to the staff of the INIS Centres.
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6.23 Technical Co-operation Assistance: Through the IAEA Department of Technical Co-operation, the INIS Secretariat provides assistance to developing countries participating in INIS in establishing and operating information systems on nuclear energy.
6.231 Regional Training : Regional Training is sponsored by the IAEA Technical Co-operation Department in conjunction with the INIS Secretariat. It is generally related to Technical Co-operation Projects and is hosted by a Member State in theRegion.
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6.232 2Fellowships and Scientific Visits Fellowships and scientific visits are also sponsored by the IAEA Technical Co-operation Department in conjunction with INIS. A Fellowship is designed for junior staff members in Member States, generally has a two to three month duration in a single geographic area, and constitutes on-the-job training. A Scientific Visit is designed for senior staff in a Member State and has a duration of one to three weeks in more than one location.
7. Conclusion
INIS offers news and information, such as special events, presentations, training, newsletters or information materials, from INIS Centres around the world.
Do you Know?
The International Nuclear Information System (INIS) is a decentralized information system operated by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna, Austria in co-operation with its Member States and co-operating international organizations. It is the world´s leading information system on the peaceful uses of nuclear science and technology. INIS maintains a database of over 3 million bibliographic references and announces the availability of scientific literature published world-wide on the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. It also maintains a collection of full text documents that would be difficult to obtain elsewhere.
INIS covers all aspects of the peaceful uses of nuclear science and technology. There are central areas to the scope such as nuclear reactors, reactor safety, nuclear fusion, applications of radiation and radioisotopes in medicine, agriculture, industry and pest control as well as related fields such as nuclear chemistry, nuclear physics and materials science. Special emphasis is placed on the environmental, economic and health effects of nuclear energy. Legal and social aspects associated with nuclear energy are also covered. And, from 1992, the economic and environmental aspects of all non-nuclear energy sources are included in the scope.
The INIS Database is available for free on the internet, simply go to http://inisdb.iaea.org/.
Currently the INIS database on internet contains over 3 million bibliographic references, with English abstracts. It provides direct link to a unique collection of over 250 000 full-text documents not available through commercial channels.
1970 to the present.
Please contact national INIS Liaison Officer. He/she will take the necessary actions to submit your publication to INIS.
Literature reported to INIS may be subdivided into two categories, conventional and non-conventional. Conventional literature is literature which is commercially available through normal distribution channels, such as the book and magazine trade or publishing houses. INIS non-conventional literature, or the INIS collection of full text documents, comprises all other forms of literature, including scientific and technical reports, patent documents, pre-conference papers, and non-commercially published theses and laws that have been cited in the INIS database but are not readily available through commercial channels (also called grey literature). The INIS collection of full text documents comprises literature on the peaceful uses of nuclear energy from 1970 to the present.
The ETDE/INIS Joint Thesaurus contains the controlled terminology for indexing all information within the subject scope of INIS and the Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDE). The terminology is used in subject descriptions for input to, or retrieval of, information in these systems. The Joint Thesaurus is the result of continued editing in parallel to the processing of the INIS and ETDE databases.
INIS has over 120 Member States and more than 20 international organizations.
For countries: Only Member States of the IAEA may join INIS. A formal letter should be sent from either the national atomic energy authority, from the country's Permanent Mission to the IAEA, or from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The letter should be addressed to the Director General of the IAEA and should state the country´s wish to join INIS. The letter should also include the nomination of the national INIS Liaison Officer, with whom the INIS Secretariat would work closely on all INIS-related matters.
For international organizations: A formal letter should be sent from the Executive Head of the organization, addressed to the Director General of the IAEA, stating the organization's wish to join INIS and nominating an INIS Liaison Officer, with whom the INIS Secretariat would work closely on all INIS-related matters.
The INIS Liaison Officer is responsible for organizing the collection of information and the preparation of input for INIS on a national level (or for his organization, in the case of an international organization), as well as for the dissemination of information contained in all INIS output products, in addition to the promotion of those products. Regular communication between the INIS Secretariat and the INIS Liaison Officers takes place by correspondence and through the Consultative Meetings of INIS Liaison Officers.
INIS Liaison Officers and Alternates are listed on the INIS Web site.
The secretariat function of the International Nuclear Information System is vested in the IAEA´s INIS & NKM Section, located at the Vienna International Centre (VIC), Austria.
INIS & NKM Section,International Atomic Energy Agency,
Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100,1400 Vienna, Austria,Tel.: +43 1 2600 22842/1; Fax: +43 1 2600 29882; E-mail: 20inis.cbl@iaea.org">inis.cbl@iaea.org References and further reading
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