इस ब्लॉग्स को सृजन करने में आप सभी से सादर सुझाव आमंत्रित हैं , कृपया अपने सुझाव और प्रविष्टियाँ प्रेषित करे , इसका संपूर्ण कार्य क्षेत्र विश्व ज्ञान समुदाय हैं , जो सभी प्रतियोगियों के कॅरिअर निर्माण महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान देगा ,आप अपने सुझाव इस मेल पत्ते पर भेज सकते हैं - chandrashekhar.malav@yahoo.com
31. Organisation of National Information Systems and Programmes
P- 05. Information Sources, Systems and Services *
By :Dr.Renu Arora,Paper Coordinator
MODULE 31: ORGANISATION OF NATIONAL
INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND PROGRAMMES
Content Writer/Author - Mrs. RENU ARORA
Email id: renu214@gmail.com
Structure of Module/Syllabus of module(Define Topic of Module and its subtopics)
Organisation of National
Information Systems and
Programmes
Information systems and programmes in India, Information
functions in different subject areas, Libraries/Information
organisations at national level.
1. DESCRIPTION OF THE MODULE
Description of the Module
Subject Name Library and Information Science
Paper Name Information Sources, Systems and Services
Module Name/Title Organisation of National Information Systems and
Programmes
Module Id LIS/ISSS/31
Pre-requisites Information institutions, information sources, role of library
and information professionals in dissemination of information
Objectives To identify national level library/information organisations
and to explain the programmes and activities being
undertaken by such organizations in promotion, coordination
and development of library and information activities
Keywords Information Systems – India, Information ProgrammesIndia,
National Information Systems-India, India-Information
Systems and Programmes
2. OBJECTIVES
After reading this module, you will be able to:
Understand the need for national library/information organizations for development
of library and information activities in India;
Identify the major organizations engaged in performing information functions in
various subject areas;
Highlight their role in providing information to the target users;
List the programmes and activities being undertaken by such organizations in
promotion, coordination and development of library and information services; and2
Identify and detail specifically the role played by some representative organizations
in Science and Technology, Social Sciences and Humanties.
3. INTRODUCTION
In India, the library and information professional often come across several problems while
serving their users. These problems relate to unavailability or lack of information. At times,
there is also duplication or overabundance of information, This has been due to the fact
that some of the information services are found to be inadequate and cannot provide
researchers with the desired data or information without any time lag and also in a usable
form. These problems in the information gap in our country have been identified and
discussed several times.
The establishment of various national level library institutions and programmes have
contributed towards coordination, promotion and development of library and information
services. These organizations include governmental bodies as well as voluntary professional
organizations and belong to various categories that include advisory, service-oriented,
commercial, grant-giving or catalytic. This also includes non-governmental organizations,
organizations with international scope, national organizations with international scope and
organs of national/international professional associations and societies.
Developments in technology, especially computer and communication technology have
helped the modern information organisations to a large extent. Subsequent to applications of
technology, the role of these organizations has become very useful. Presently, resource
sharing, library cooperation, consortia, networking, etc. play a vital role in bringing
information in various formats closer to users and solve problems of information handling
and services.
In this module, we will discuss some well-established national information organizations that
include prominent national documentation/information centres, information systems,
professional organizations with international standing, some national systems with wider
orientation and some special organizations offering information services in various specific
subject areas.
Also listed are major national information systems and programmes launched by Indian
Government in the field of Science & Technology, Social Sciences and Humanities.
4. INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND PROGRAMMES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
India, like every other country has a mission to provide multiple platforms for collaboration of
scientific professionals and researcher to share existing knowledge and to generate new
knowledge. For this, information systems and programmes have been set up in all major
scientific and technological areas. Some of these are in the area of agriculture,
biotechnology, engineering, environment science, nuclear science, aero sciences, fuel
science, etc.
Major information systems in science and technology are listed below:
3
National Information System for Science and Technology (NISSAT)
Technology Information Facilitation Programme (TIFP)
Biotechnology Information System (BTIS)
Environmental Information System (ENVIS)
INFLIBNET: Information and Library Network
National Informatics Centre (NIC)
National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources
(NISCAIR)
INDEST Consortium
Defence Scientific and Information Documentation Centre (DESIDOC)
Indian MEDLARS Centre (IMC)
A brief overview of the above listed national information centres/systems/programmes is
given in subsequent sections.
4.1 National Information System for Science and Technology (NISSAT)
The increasing role of science and technology in the economic and social development of
the country generated a pressing demand for faster technology transfer to the industries.
The information centres serving the needs of different industries and research and
development units were, therefore, required to be coordinated and organized into an
integrated system to avoid a haphazard growth and duplication of activities and to conform
to national and international standards. In order to meet this requirement, the National
Information System for Science & Technology (NISSAT) was launched in 1977 Department
of Science and Technology (DST). In tune with the changing global scenario and in
pursuance of the national efforts in liberalization and globalization of the economy, NISSAT
reoriented its programme activities continually in order to be useful to a large number of
users in diverse subjects. Besides establishing the internal linkages between the information
industry, its promoters and users, NISSAT also made efforts to establish a bridge between
information resource developers and users in India and other countries.
NISSAT was instrumental in:
Development of national information services
Introduction of modern information techniques
Setting up of national level 13 Information Centres in various scientific fields
National Access to International Databases
Setting up of value added Patent Information Systems
ICT based activities
Manpower development in information science and technology
IT applications –CDS/ISIS and IDMS package
Promotion of use of standards
R & D in Science and Technology4
NISSAT programme ceased since March 2002 as most of the National Information Centres
located in various scientific institutions and supported by NISSAT started functioning
efficiently by support from their parent organisations. DSIR has since launched a new
programme ‘Technology Information Facilitation Programme’ keeping in view the importance
of digital information resources.
4.2 Technology Information Facilitation Programme (TIFP)
Technology Information Facilitation Programme (TIFP) is one of the components of
Technology Promotion, Development and Utilization (TPDU) Programme of the Department
of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR). The broad objective of the programme is to
generate endogenous capacities for the development and utilization of digital information
resources and provide inputs to S&T research and industrial development.
TIFP is, therefore, being implemented as a co-operative and collaborative venture and built
around the existing infrastructure, wherever possible. The specific objectives of TIFP are:
develop appropriate endogenous information capacities to support the R&D activities,
support the production of local content and promote use of indigenous knowledge,
promote information and knowledge networking at local, regional and national levels
to facilitate flow and sharing of information resources,
map the national S & T productivity in relation to the international trend, and
promote national and international cooperation in related areas.
4.3 Biotechnology Information System (BTIS)
India was the first country in the world to establish in 1987 a Biotechnology Information
System (BTIS) network to create an infrastructure that enables it to harness biotechnology
through the application of Bioinformatics. The Department of Biotechnology (DBT) took up
this infrastructure development project and created a distributed network at a very low cost.
BTIS is today recognized as one of the major scientific network in the world dedicated to
provide the-state-of-the-art infrastructure, education, manpower and tools in bioinformatics.
The principal aim of the bioinformatics programme was to ensure that India emerges as a
key international player in the field of bioinformatics, enabling a greater access to wealth of
information created during the post-genomic era and catalyse the country’s attainment of
lead position in medical, agricultural, animal and environmental biotechnology.
The following
are the major thrusts of the programme:
To undertake advanced research in frontier areas of bioinformatics and
computational biology,
To develop world class human resource in bioinformatics,
To establish effective academia-industry interface,
To pursue and promote international cooperation with leading institutions,
organizations and countries in the world, and5
To create world-class platforms for technology development, transfer and
commercialisation.
Presently, an extensive Bioinformatics Network, covering 120 institutions, spread
geographically all over the country, has been established. The BTIS network covers
institutions under DST, CSIR, ICMR, ICAR, Universities and institutes under Human
Resource Ministry. The Network is also creating human resources in Bioinformatics and
carrying out research in different areas of Bioinformatics.
4.4 Environmental Information System (ENVIS)
The ENVIS was implemented in the 6
th Five Year Plan for collection, collation, storage,
retrieval and dissemination of environmental information. This was to make available
information to policy makers, planners, decision makers, scientists and environmentalists,
researchers and academicians and others.
ENVIS is a decentralised computerised network database system consisting of the focal
point located in the Ministry of Environment and a chain of network partners, known as
ENVIS Centres located in organisations or institutions throughout the country.
Presently, the ENVIS network, besides the focal point, consists of 76 ENVIS centres. Of
these, 29 are on State Government Departments dealing with the status of environment and
related issues and the remaining 47 have been set up on various environmental disciplines
covering topic like pollution, biodiversity, solid waste management, ecology and ecosystems,
environmental education, etc.
Other details of ENVIS are discussed in the Module on ENVIS.
4.5 INFLIBNET:
Information and Library Network
Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET) Centre was setup in 1991 as an Autonomous
Inter-University Centre (IUC) of University Grants Commission (UGC) involved in
creating infrastructure for sharing of library and information resources and services among
Academic and Research Institutions. INFLIBNET, with its headquarters at Gujarat University
Campus, Ahmedabad. It became an independent Inter-University Centre in 1996 and works
in collaboration with Indian university libraries to shape the future of the academic libraries in
the evolving information environment.
INFLIBNET is involved in modernizing university libraries in India and connecting them as
well as information centres in the country through a nation-wide high speed data network
using the state-of-art technologies for the optimum utilisation of information. INFLIBNET is
also involved in promoting scholarly communication among academicians and researchers
in India.
It can be defined as a computer communication network of libraries and information centres
of universities, institutions of national importance, Research and Development Institutions,
bibliographical information centres, etc., thereby improving the capability in information
handling and services.6
The primary objectives of INFLIBNET are:
To promote and establish communication facilities to improve capability in information
transfer and access, that provides support to scholarship, learning, research and
academic pursuit through cooperation and involvement of agencies concerned.
To establish INFLIBNET: Information and Library Network a computer communication
network for linking libraries and information centres in universities, deemed to be
universities, colleges, UGC information centres, institutions of national importance and
R & D institutions, etc. avoiding duplication of efforts.
In order to fulfil the above mentioned broad objectives, INFLIBNET does the following:
Promote and implement computerisation of operations and services in the libraries and
information centres of the country, following a uniform standard,
Evolve standards and uniform guidelines in techniques, methods, procedures, computer
hardware and software, services and promote their adoption in actual practice by all
libraries, in order to facilitate pooling, sharing and exchange of information towards
optimal use of resources and facilities,
Evolve a national network interconnecting various libraries and information centres in
the country and to improve capability in information handling and service,
Provide reliable access to document collection of libraries by creating on-line union
catalogues of serials, theses/dissertations, books, monographs and non-book materials
(manuscripts, audio-visuals, computer data, multimedia, etc.) in various libraries in India,
Provide access to bibliographic information sources with citations, abstracts etc. through
indigenously created databases of the Sectoral Information Centres of NISSAT, UGC
Information Centres, City Networks and such others and by establishing gateways for
on-line accessing of national and international databases held by national and
international information networks and centres respectively,
Develop new methods and techniques for archival of valuable information available as
manuscripts and information documents in different Indian languages, in the form of
digital images using high density storage media,
Optimise information resource utilization through shared cataloguing, inter-library loan
service, catalogue production, collection development and thus avoiding duplication in
acquisition to the extent possible,
Enable the users dispersed all over the country, irrespective of location and distance, to
have access to information regarding serials, theses/dissertations,
books, monographs and non-book materials by locating the sources wherefrom
available and to obtain it through the facilities of INFLIBNET and union catalogue of
documents,
Create databases of projects, institutions, specialists, etc. for providing on-line
information service,7
Encourage co-operation among libraries, documentation centres and information
centres in the country, so that the resources can be pooled for the benefit of helping the
weaker resource centres by stronger ones,
Train and develop human resources in the field of computerised library operations and
networking to establish, manage and sustain INFLIBNET,
Facilitate academic communication amongst scientists, engineers, social scientists,
academics, faculties, researchers and students through electronic mail, file transfer,
computer/audio/video conferencing, etc.,
Undertake system design and studies in the field of communications, computer
networking, information handling and data management,
Establish appropriate control and monitoring system for the communication network and
organise maintenance,
Collaborate with institutions, libraries, information centres and other organisations in
India and abroad in the field relevant to the objectives of the Centre,
Create and promote R&D and other facilities and technical positions for realising the
objectives of the Centre.
Generate revenue by providing consultancies and information services.
Do all other such things as may be necessary, incidental or conducive to the attainment
of all or any of the above objectives.
INFLIBNET offers several services which include document delivery services, creation of
bibliographic union database, SOUL support, web R & D services, etc.
4.6 National Informatics Centre (NIC)
National Informatics Centre (NIC) of the Department of Electronics and Information
Technology is providing network backbone and e-Governance support to Central
Government, State Governments, UT Administrations, Districts and other Government
bodies. It offers a wide range of ICT services including Nationwide Communication Network
for decentralised planning, improvement in Government services and wider transparency of
national and local Governments.
NIC assists in implementing Information Technology Projects, in close collaboration with
Central and State Governments, in the areas of
(a) Centrally sponsored schemes and
Central sector schemes,
(b) State sector and State sponsored projects, and
(c) District
Administration sponsored projects. NIC endeavours to ensure that the latest technology in all
areas of IT is available to its users.
National Informatics Center is the nodal Information Technology organization for informatics
development and networking in Government and Government related Organizations.
NICNET facility has been established in all Central Government departments, 35 States/UTs
and about 625 District administrations of India to facilitate informatics development for 8
decision support and information exchange.
A high speed NICNET National info-Highway,
an incremental overlay over the existing network has also been setup with modern high
speed networks to take advantage of Internet technology in India.
4.7 National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources
(NISCAIR)
The Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre (INSDOC) was set up in 1952, with the
technical assistance from UNESCO.
Also, the National Institute of Science Communication
(NISCOM), the erstwhile Publications and Information Directorate (PID) was set up in 1951
to published scientific journals, periodicals and to compile information on the country’s raw
material in the form of an encyclopaedic publication of national importance. Both the
institutes, the NISCOM and INSDOC merged on 30th September, 2002 giving rise to
National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR), which
devotes itself to science communication, dissemination and Science & Technology
information management systems and services user with the application of modern
Information Technology infrastructure.
The Mission Statement of NISCAIR is ‘To become the prime custodian of all information
resources on current and traditional knowledge systems in science and technology in the
country, and to promote communication in science to diverse constituents at all levels, using
the most appropriate technologies.’
To meet the various objectives of NISCAIR, several services/activities are organized by the
Institute. We will discuss these details in the Module on NISCAIR.
4.8 INDEST
Consortium
Set up by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), on the recommendation
made by the Expert Group appointed by the ministry, the “Indian National Digital Library in
Engineering Sciences and Technology (INDEST) Consortium” provides access to full-text ejournals.
The Ministry provides funds required for subscription to electronic resources for (60)
institutions including IISc, IITs, NITs, IIMs and a few other centrally-funded Government
institutions through the consortium headquarters set-up at the IIT Delhi.
Besides, Government or Government-aided engineering colleges and technical departments
in universities have joined the Consortium with financial support from the AICTE.
Moreover,
the INDEST-AICTE Consortium, as an open-ended proposition, welcomes other institutions
to join it on their own for sharing benefits it offers in terms of highly discounted rates of
subscription and better terms of agreement with the publishers. All electronic resources being
subscribed are available from the publisher’s Website. The Consortium has an active mailing
list and a Web site hosted at the IIT Delhi.
The INDEST-AICTE Consortium is the most ambitious initiative taken so far in the country.
The benefit of consortia-based subscription to electronic resources is not confined to 38
major technological institutions in the country but is also extended to all AICTE-accredited
and UGC-affiliated institutions. Already, 60 engineering colleges and institutions have joined
the consortium and recently 1245 engineering colleges and institutions joined under self
support- new scheme.9
Membership to the INDEST-AICTE Consortium is open to any private/Government-funded
engineering/technological/educational institution/university for one or more electronic
resources. The new members are required to sign an agreement with the Consortium as well
as with the publishers of electronic resources that they wish to subscribe. The consortium
charges an annual membership fee of Rs. 2,000/. Members can subscribe to a number of
electronic resources including full-text and bibliographic databases through the INDESTAICTE
Consortium.
The website (http://paniit.iitd.ac.in/indest/) provides a complete list and
description of resources available through the consortia.
4.9 Defence Scientific and Information Documentation Centre (DESIDOC)
DESIDOC, functioning under the Defence Science Laboratory (DSL), DRDO provides S & T
information to the DRDO Headquarters and its various other labs located all over India. The
centre offers library services, information services, technical services, database
development, training, multimedia laboratory facilities and publications to the scientists of
DRDO.
The chief activities of DESIDOC are:
Network Services
The Network Services Division (NSD) of DESIDOC is responsible for designing, hosting and
maintenance of DRDO website on Internet, DRDO Intranet administration and co-ordination,
designing, hosting, maintenance of DESIDOC website and Internet services.
The Division is
also engaged in software development, hardware maintenance, network management, and
provides support for IT-based courses. It is also responsible for interaction with academia,
project training of students, IT support to Group for Forecasting and Systems and
Technologies (G-FAST), DRDO Directors, Conferences, DRDO e-mail facility, etc.
to DRDO
officials.
Library Services
These include the Online Public Access Catalogue, CD-ROM Search Service, Document
Supply Service and Resource Sharing. It also carries out maintenance of Defence Science
Library (the central library of DRDO).
Information Processing & Dissemination
This division carries out collection of S&T information of DRDO interest, providing current
awareness services to DRDO scientists that includes Newspaper Clippings Service,
IEE/IEEE contents and Current contents service in Military Science and Technology.
Database development
Bibliographic databases developed and maintained by DESIDOC are:
OPAC, Bibliographic database of books/reports/conference proceedings in Defence
Science Library.
SPIE/IEE/IEEE conference proceedings.
Journal articles database
Full text databases
Newspaper clippings10
Defence Science Journal
IEE/IEEE Contents
DRDO publications
Functions as the publication wing of DRDO and brings out a number of publications,
covering current developments in Indian Defence R&D. The periodicals published are
Defence Science Journal
Technology Focus
DRDO Newsletter
DRDO Samachar
DESIDOC Journal of Library and Information Technology (DJLIT)
Training
Training in the areas of library automation, database development, online searching, e-mail
and internet use, technical communication, multimedia development and other relevant
aspects of information technology are conducted regularly for the DRDO personnel.
Technical services
Providing reprography (photography, audio, video presentation materials),
translation, communication (e-mail, Internet) and printing services.
Providing DRDO Intranet service/support to various labs of DRDO
Designing, maintaining and updation of official website of DRDO on regular basis.
DESIDOC also functions as the publication wing of DRDO, providing scientific and technical
information via specialised publications, monographs, technical bulletins, online journals and
popular science publications.
4.10 Indian MEDLARS Centre (IMC) Indian MEDLARS Centre (IMC)
was set up in 1986, as a collaborative project between
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi and National Informatics Centre
(NIC), to provide biomedical information services from the MEDLARS databases of National
Library of Medicine (NLM), USA. This Centre become recognized as the 17th International
MEDLARS Centre and is more popularly known as the Indian MEDLARS Centre (IMC).
The centre caters to the information needs of medical community of India, as IndMED is a
database covering prominent peer reviewed Indian biomedical journals. This
database is designed to provide medical professionals, researchers, students and the
medical library professional quick and easy access to Indian literature.
The purpose of IndMED is to index selected peer reviewed medical journals published from
India. It supplements international indexing services like PubMed and covers journals
indexed from 1985 onwards.
Another resource produced under this project is a portal of full
text articles (medIND) of select Indian medical journals indexed in IndMED or PubMed. For
continuing the maintaining, updating and improvising these two important national resources, 11
that is, IndMED and medIND, ICMR funded a new project (National Databases of Indian
Medical Journals) in 2010.
Other facilities available with the centre include a Union catalogue, CD-ROM Databases, fulltext
search (some journals), training facilities to biomedical professionals and search
facilities.
5. INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND PROGRAMMES IN SOCIAL SCIENCES
Social sciences are the study of human society and of individual relationships in and to
society. In other words, it is a scholarly or scientific discipline that deals with disciplines that
include sociology, psychology, anthropology, economics, political science and history. In
this section, we will discuss various information organisations, systems and programmes in
the field of social sciences.
In India, major initiatives in the field of social sciences have been by the Indian Council of
Social Science Research (ICSSR) and its related bodies.
These include:
Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR)
UGC-Inter University Centre for International Studies
UGC-Inter University Centre for Humanities and Social Sciences
Indo-American Centre of International Studies (IACIS)
Some other organisations that provide support to social science research are:
Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics
Indian Institute of Public Administration
SNDT Women’s University Documentation Centre
National Council of Applied Economic Research
Tata Institute of Social Sciences
Let us learn some details of these organisations.
5.1 Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR) ICSSR
was established in 1969 by MHRD, as an autonomous body to promote social
science research in our country. The Council supports 27 Research Centres and 6 Regional
Centres all over the country. The Council offers grants to institutions and individuals, offers
fellowships, arranges training in research and provides guidance in research, and supports
library and documentation centres for providing information services in social sciences.
There are a large number of books and journals published by the Council.
Some of the programmes/activities/centres of ICSSR are:
National Social Science Documentation Centre (NASSDOC)
INDO-DUTCH Programme on Alternatives in Development (IDPAD)
Documentation Centre for ASIAN Studies (DOCAS)12
5.1.1 National Social Science Documentation Centre (NASSDOC)
National Social Science Documentation Centre (NASSDOC), was established in 1969 as a
Division of ICSSR with the objective to provide library and information support services to
researchers in social sciences; those working in academic institutions, autonomous research
organisations, policy making, planning and research units of government departments,
business and industry etc. NASSDOC provides guidance to libraries of ICSSR Regional
Centres and ICSSR maintained Research Institutes.
5.1.2 INDO-DUTCH
Programme on Alternatives in Development (IDPAD)
IDPAD is a collaborative programme of ICSSR and the Netherlands Foundation for the
Advancement of Tropical Research, The Hague, since 1981. It was launched in response to
the intense debate on developmental and North-South issues in the 1970s with the goal of
charting a new course in policy oriented academic research. Some of the most eminent
social scientists and policy-makers of India and the Netherlands were founders of this
programmes.
IDPAD was launched as a phased programme, with 5 phases and the last phase that
commenced in 2002 having come to end recently this year with a focus on:
Research Projects
Seminars and Workshops
Exchange of Scholars
Publications and Dissemination
Access to Information
Exchange of scholars has also been an important component of this programme.
5.1.3 Documentation Centre for ASIAN Studies (DOCAS)
The ICSSR has set up a Documentation Centre for ASIAN Studies (DOCAS) with
financial assistance from the Government of Japan. The Centre is located in the
Council’s headquarters. The subject areas that are covered are chiefly
environmental science and public health. The aim of the Centre is to help policy
makers in Asian countries to establish better relationships among themselves for the
welfare of people of the region. The main objectives and functions of the Centre
include library and documentation facilities, creations of databases, maintaining a
bibliography on Indian literature on Asia and international exchange of related
publications.
5.2 UGC-Inter University Centre for International Studies13
The UGC has established this Inter-University Centres (IUCs) at Osmania University
Campus, Hyderabad by taking over the facilities available at the Indo-American Cenre for
International Studies. The Centre is for centrally providing state-of-the-art equipment &
facilities for the benefit of researchers working in different universities.
The IUC is instrumental in providing dynamic and vibrant platform for academicians from
India, SAARC region, Central Asian and other countries. The main objective of the IUC is to
address contemporary development issues with multi disciplinary approach in various areas
of social sciences and humanities especially with regard to education, commerce,
economics, world trade, conflict management, diplomacy, human rights, art, literature and
allied areas.
5.3 UGC-Inter University Centre for Humanities and Social Sciences
This is one of the four National Facility Centres of UGC, located at Indian Institute of
Advanced Studies, Shimla. The main objectives of the Centre are to invite teachers form
universities and colleges to the institute as associate of the IUC, organise "Research
Seminars" for researchers and young teachers in University and Colleges and to organize
"Study weeks" for discussing important problems of National and international interest.
5.4 Indo-American Centre of International Studies (IACIS)
One of the largest research centres on American Studies in Asia or Africa, the IACIS is
situated in Hyderabad. The chief feature of the centre is its unique library collection of books,
periodicals, A/V materials, micro documents and other materials on American literature,
history, politics, economics, geography, religion, philosophy, law, international relations,
foreign policy, etc.
UGC has taken over the physical and academic infrastructure of this centre and has
established UGC-IUC Centre for International Studies in the field of humanities and social
sciences.
Some other organisations that provide support to social science research are:
5.5 Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics (GIPE)
Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics (GIPE), Pune, is one of the oldest research and
training institutes in Economics in the country. Research in the socio-economic dimensions
of the Indian society and training researchers is its primary objectives. It was established in
1930 by the Servants of India Society, founded by late Shri Gopal Krishna Gokhale. The
vision of the Institute is to conduct research, education and extension on the foremost social
and economic problems at national and international levels with the aim of providing viable
solutions for decision makers the betterment of human life. Dhananjayarao Gadgil Library,
the library of the GIPE, has one of the largest and most important collections of social
science documents in India. It has a large member of publications on economics and allied
social science subjects and caters to the needs of scholars, academicians, policy makers
and other users working in social science subjects in India and abroad.
5.6 Indian Institute of Public Administration (IIPA)
14
IIPA is an autonomous academic institution of national eminence for training, research and
information dissemination in streams related to the field of Public Administration. Located in
Delhi, it is recognised internationally as a premier centre for training and research in Public
Administration and Management. The chief objective of this institution is to promote and
provide for the study of Public Administration and economic and political science with special
reference to public administration and the machinery of government and educational
purposes.
The activities of the Institute are organized in four inter-related areas of Research, Training,
Advisory Services and Dissemination of Information. The Institute has enriched the literature
on Public Administration through a large number of serials and monographs besides
research studies, proceedings of seminars /conferences and lectures, etc. The Institute
publishes five periodicals regularly.
The IIPA Library is one of the major social science resources in India. It has a collection of
about 2 lakh volumes of books and periodicals and receives 350 current periodicals. It is a
depository library for the publications of the World Bank and has been accorded depository
library status for the publications of International Monetary Fund. Most of the Library
functions and services are computerized. The Library provides a variety of current
awareness services and regularly brings out monthly List of Additions, fortnightly List of
Significant Articles and weekly Current Contents to keep its readers informed of the
incoming documents. It undertakes literature survey and makes subject bibliographies
available on demand.
5.7 SNDT Women’s University Documentation Centre SNDT
Women’s University is the first women’s university is India as well as in South-east
Asia. The SNDT Women’s University Library is committed to empowerment of women by
providing resources & services with ICTs that are essential to teaching, learning, research
and creation of knowledge systems. To realize this mission, the library is committed to
create hospitable physical and virtual environment for study, teaching and research.
The documentation centre of SNDT came up in Mumbai in 1982. It was earlier operating as
a small informal information cell. The centre provides reference and interlibrary loan
facilities; abstracting and indexing services, SDI services, bibliographical compilation and
has a number of information products.
5.8 National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER),
New Delhi
NCAER has done pioneering research work in areas of applied economics with an
emphasis on policy analysis and application of modern quantitative techniques to
development issues, regional development and planning, household income,
consumption, savings /investment and energy. It has a unique position in the country
for designing and executing large-scale sample surveys on regional and human
development as well as a large range of consumer products. NCAER has built up a
rich database on economic and commercial data.
Its clients include government
ministries, The Planning Commission, state governments, public and private sector
companies and international agencies.15
The NCAER Library, is one of India's premier research libraries in applied economics since
its inception in 1956, has been an integral part of the institution. It provides research support
to the Council's economists as well as to policy makers, administrators, consultants,
students and others users from all over the country. The library plays a vital role in collecting,
organizing and disseminating information for the benefit of researchers. The NACAER
Library is also a Depository Library for Asian Development Bank, International Monetary
Fund and for selected UN publications.
5.9 Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS)
TISS, established as the Dorabji Tata Graduate School of Social Work in 1936, was the
first school of social work in India. It was renamed as the Tata Institute of Social Sciences in
1944 and in 1964 was recognized as a Deemed University by the University Grants
Commission of India.
TISS initially started as an institute offering a post-graduate diploma in social work, but
expanded continuously in terms of educational programmes and infrastructure. Over the
years, the Institute has made a significant contribution to policy, planning, action strategies
and human resource development. It has done so in several areas, ranging from sustainable
rural and urban development to education, health, communal harmony, human rights and
industrial relations.
TISS Library was established along with the institute in1936 and is one of the leading social
science libraries in the country. The library was named as ‘Sir Dorabji Tata Memorial Library’
in 2002. It is equipped to meet the academic and research information needs of the user
community and provides user-focused services to obtain and evaluate scholarly information
and knowledge. As this library specializes in the field of applied social sciences, it has
become the most sought after library for the social scientists of India. It is also acts as a
unique knowledge centre, that offers essential and specialized information resources and
services to meet the growing information needs by:
Developing user-based resources
Organizing information resources
Providing human and technologically moderated access to information, and
Facilitating users to identify, locate, obtain and evaluate information.
6. INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND PROGRAMMES IN HUMANITIES
In India, several organizations have come up to promote and support research activities in
the field of humanities. Libraries and information centres attached to these organizations
help researchers and users in their work. Some of these centres are:
National Archives of India, New Delhi
National Museum, New Delhi
Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR), New Delhi
Indian Council for Historical Research (ICHR), New Delhi16
Indira Gandhi National Centre for Arts (IGNCA), New Delhi
National Mission for Manuscripts, New Delhi
Brief details of the above mentioned organizations are given in the subsequent sections.
6.1 National Archives of India (NAI
)
The National Archives of India is the repository of the non-current records of the Government
of India and is holding them in trust for the use of administrators and scholars. It is an
Attached Office of the Department of Culture under Ministry of Tourism & Culture. The chief
vision of the NAI is to maintain the cultural heritage of the country.
It was set up in March
1891 in Calcutta (Kolkata) as the Imperial Record Department and subsequent to the
transfer of the National Capital from Calcutta to New Delhi in 1911 it was shifted to its
present building in 1926.
The various categories of records held by the National Archives are – Public Records,
Oriental Records, Manuscripts and Private papers.
NAI preserves and documents the
collection for use by the scholars, provides training in various aspects of Archival Science at
professional level and provides assistance to state archives, museums, libraries and
voluntary organisations for preservation and maintaining or rare manuscripts books in their
custody. The National Archives ensures longevity of documents in its custody through
various conservation and photo-duplication processes.
The Department has invented a
unique process of repairing and rejuvenating documents.
Apart from the vast bulk of Public Records and Private Papers, the National Archives has a
rich and ever growing collection in its library. This has some of the oldest and rare
publications on a variety of subjects, besides contemporary published material. A
computerization and digitalization programme for an ‘Automated Retrieval System’ with the
help of tailor made software known as ‘Archival Information Management System (AIMS)’,
has been launched for computerization of records. The collection already digitized is
available on line for use in Research Room by Research Scholars/Archivists/users of
archives.
6.1.1 Department of Culture - Networking of Five Major Libraries
The Department of Culture has initiated action for networking of five major Libraries of India,
these are:
Central Secretariat Library (CSL), New Delhi
National Museum Library (NML), New Delhi
National Gallery of Modern Art (NGMA) Library, New Delhi
National Archives of India (NAI) Library
Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) Library, New Delhi.
This Network has the following
objectives:17
(
i) Availability of Library Catalogue Details on Computers
(ii) Intra Library accessibility of records
(iii) Internet/Intranet access for libraries, and
(iv) Remote log-in to internal database/network.
6.2 National Museum, New Delhi
The National Museum of India established in 1949 under the Ministry of Culture, located in
New Delhi has presently in its possession over 2,00,000 works of exquisite art, both of
Indian and foreign origin covering more than 5,000 years of our cultural heritage. Its rich
holdings of various creative traditions and disciplines which represents a unity amidst
diversity, an unmatched blend of the past with the present and strong perspective for the
future, brings history to life.
Apart from the collections of Pre-historic Archaeology, Archaeology, Jewellery, Paintings,
Decorative arts, Manuscripts, Central Asian Antiquities, Arms and Armour, etc., the Museum
has separate branches of publication,
Hindi, Public Relations, Education, Library, Exhibition
cell, Display, Modelling, Photography, Security and Administration. A well-equipped
conservation laboratory not only provides restoration to all the organic and inorganic art
objects but also training facilities to students and deserving professionals, including
restoration of oil-paintings in India.
The National Museum Institute of History of Art, Conservation and Museology came into
existence in 1983, and now is deemed to be a University, provides various courses with its
campus at National Museum, New Delhi.
Since its inception, it has been bringing out various publications for the people from all walks
of life. There are books for children, for common visitors and for the scholars interested in
the study of art, architecture, painting, sculptures, history, religion, culture etc. controlled by
a keeper. Exhibition Cell of the National Museum organises International and National
Exhibitions in India and Abroad.
The National Museum has a reference library which is equipped with variety of books and
periodicals, etc. This library collects books and journals related to the fields of history, art
and culture of the World for specialized research and reference.
It covers a variety of themes
such as anthropology, archaeology, conservation, decorative arts, history, literature,
museum studies, painting and philosophy and religion. It contains over sixty thousand
volumes of books, bound journals as well as several Indian and international journals and
magazines. The library is open for user by research scholars, university students,
professors, teachers and fellowship holders.
6.3 Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR), New Delhi
Founded in 1950, the Council was established by Shri Maulana Abul Kalam Azad for
strengthening the ties of cultural cooperation and exchange between India and other
countries. The chief objectives of the Council include participation in the formation of policies
and programmes related to India’s cultural relations and to promote cultural exchange with
other countries and people. The chief activities of the Council are exchange of visits of
scholars, academicians, artist, performing artists; collaboration with foreign cultural centres 18
in India; and providing scholarships to foreign students in India for study and research.
The publishing activity of the Council is very high with publications in English, Hindi, in some
foreign languages covering various subjects that include culture, arts, history, philosophy
and literature. The personal collection of books and manuscripts bequeathed by Shri
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the Founder President of the Council, forms the core of the
ICCR Library. A catalogue of the manuscripts and personal books of Shri Maulana Azad has
been printed in book form in three languages- Arabic, Urdu and Persian.
The ICCR library collection is one of the major cultural resources of our country and has
presently over 56,000 volumes including books, journals, manuscripts and magazines in
English, Hindi and Urdu. The Library is largely used by scholars who are researching on
Indian art, culture, history, literature and international relations and allied subjects. ICCR
offers Library Fellowships annually to facilitate research in various languages or cultural
fields by Indian scholars under 35 years of age.
6.4 Indian Council for Historical Research (ICHR), New Delhi
Established in 1972, by the Government of India as an autonomous body, the ICHR aims to
promote and support historical research in the country. Besides achieving the chief goal of
an inter-disciplinary approach in historical perspectives, the Council also funds
seminars/conference/workshops related to history.
The publications brought out by the Council are in areas that include Indian history and allied
areas, Reference books and History of Asia and neighbouring countries. To assist the
scholars in various parts of the country, the Council has two Regional Centres:
ICHR North-Eastern Regional Centre, Guwahati
ICHR Southern Regional Centre, Bangaluru
The library cum documentation centre of the council caters to information needs of the
research scholars. The two journals published by ICHR are: The Indian Historical Review
(English) and Itihas (Hindi)
The Library and Documentation Centre of ICHR is a leading information reference centre in the
field of Indian history and allied disciplines. It is well equipped with over 70,000 print reading
materials, which include books, reports, conference proceedings, theses and dissertations and
other valuable source documents. The Library subscribes to more than 100 national and
international journals in print format and also subscribing many e-journals from different
publishers. Apart from these, the library has a good collection of microfilms and microfiches in
the concerned subjects.
6.5 Indira Gandhi National Centre for Arts (IGNCA), New Delhi
The Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, established in 1985, is visualised as a centre
encompassing the study and experience of all the arts. The chief aims of the Centre are:19
To serve as a major resource centre for the arts, especially written, oral and visual
source materials;
To undertake research and publication programmes of reference works, glossaries,
dictionaries and encyclopaedia concerning the arts and the humanities;
To establish a tribal and folk arts division with a core collection for conducting
systematic scientific studies and for live presentations.
One of the programmes of this centre, in collaboration with UNDP, is to utilize
multimedia computer technology to create a wide variety of software packages that
communicate cultural information. Multimedia technology allows the user to interact
and explore the subject in a non-linear mode by combining audio, text, graphics,
animation and video on a computer.
The Centre comprises of 5 divisions:
Kala Nidhi – collects primary and secondary materials on Humanities
Kala Kosa – concerned with research and publication activities of IGNCA
Janpada Sampada – complements Kala Kosa with regard to eco-cultural, socioeconomic
context, life-style studies, multimedia presentation and events, etc.
Kala Dashan – deals with exhibitions, lectures, conferences in areas of art and
culture
Sutra Dhara - Administrative Division and International Dialogue Unit.
The Kala Nidhi Division is the knowledge hub of IGNCA and is designed to support the
research objectives of the various divisions of the Centre and also to act as a national facility
to support scholars and researchers from India and abroad. The backbone of Kala Nidhi is
its reference library, that holds a carefully selected collection of about 1.5 lakh books. This is
a fast growing collection with an average of over 3,000 additions being made annually. The
collection comprises of updated reference books, bibliographies, monographs, conference
proceedings, translations, catalogues of unpublished manuscripts of Indic and Asian origin,
biographies and autobiographies, among other reference material.
The library is fully
automated, providing easy access to its resources through OPAC terminals, and has been
organized scientifically as per internationally accepted standards.
IGNCA has been designated as the nodal agency for all matters relating to arts, humanities
and cultural heritage by the Government of India to provide computerized storage, retrieval
and dissemination of information on all aspects of arts and cultural heritage.
Over the years,
the IGNCA has developed several unique computerized multi-media databases and
information systems to preserve the vast cultural heritage in various forms and make it
accessible for research and dissemination. Special efforts have been made to network these
programmes with various institutions inside and outside the country.
20
6.6 National Mission for Manuscripts, New Delhi
The National Mission for Manuscripts was launched in February 2003 by the Ministry of
Tourism and Culture, Government of India, to save this most valuable but less visible of our
cultural inheritances. IGNCA is the National Nodal Agency for the implementation of the
Mission, and houses the National Manuscripts Library.
The National Manuscripts Library is
envisaged as the central repository for microfilms and digital copies of all Indian
manuscripts. The Library is expected to provide manuscript services to the scholars for
accessing any information and obtaining microfilm/digital copies. The Mission would
collaborate with other national institutions and the several partner institutions in the country.
The Mission’s objectives with regard to the manuscripts located all over the country are:
Survey and Locate
Catalogue and Compile
Conserve and Preserve
Promote Access
Promote Scholarship
Public Outreach
The Mission's main aim is to create an electronic database of manuscripts.
The database
contains information of various kinds on India's manuscripts-titles, themes, authors,
commentaries, scripts, languages, conservation status and much more. The database all
contains information on existing catalogues. The Mission endeavours to provide complete
and valid information about each manuscript.
7. SUMMARY
In India, information systems, services and facilities are being built up at various levels in all
subject areas. Development of capability in information handling and dissemination helps a
country in advancement, understanding, decision-making, planning and policymaking,
technology transfer, minimising duplication of effort and conservation of resources.
Information is a vital resource for users and for information specialists.
The national
organizations, international organizations and professional bodies are engaged in providing
services and products which help in closing the information gap. The modern technologies,
especially the computer and the telecommunication technologies, have helped to bridge this
gap to a great extent. This has been possible within the framework of several organizations
that have come forward with their programmes and activities.
The growing demand for
information and increasing use of present facilities and services indicates the need and
importance of such national, and special information organizations within our information
infrastructure.
In this module, an overview of national information organisations, systems and facilities in
various subject areas has been given. The national information activities in the field of
science and technology, social sciences and humanities have been broadly outlined. The
details of some of the organisations listed in this module have been covered in detail in the
subsequent modules.
21
STORY BOARD/CHUNK TEXT
1. INTRODUCTION
Information systems and programmes are launched by an authoritative organisation usually
a governmental body to achieve specific objectives. They require efficient communication
mechanism, proper infrastructure and adequate funds to operate. Information systems and
programmes are involved in selecting, organising, storing and disseminating information to
the users as per already laid out objectives. In India, major national information systems and
programmes have been launched by our Government in the field of Science & Technology,
Social Sciences and Humanities.
2. INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND PROGRAMMES IN SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
National information programmes in S & T include erstwhile NISSAT,
Technology
Information Facilitation Programme (TIFP),
Biotechnology Information System (BTIS),
Environmental Information System (ENVIS),
INFLIBNET: Information and Library Network,
National Informatics Centre (NIC), etc.
Major information systems in science and technology
are listed below:
National Information System for Science and Technology (NISSAT)
Technology Information Facilitation Programme (TIFP)
Biotechnology Information System (BTIS)
Environmental Information System (ENVIS)
INFLIBNET: Information and Library Network
National Informatics Centre (NIC)
National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources
(NISCAIR)
INDEST Consortium
Defence Scientific and Information Documentation Centre (DESIDOC)
Indian MEDLARS Centre (IMC)
3. INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND PROGRAMMES IN SOCIAL SCIENCES
Social sciences are the study of human society and of individual relationships in and to
society. In other words, it is a scholarly or scientific discipline that deals with disciplines that
include sociology, psychology, anthropology, economics, political science and history. In
this section, we will discuss various information organisations, systems and programmes in
the field of social sciences.22
In India, major initiatives in the field of social sciences have been by the Indian Council of
Social Science Research (ICSSR) and its related bodies.
These include:
Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR)
UGC-Inter University Centre for International Studies
UGC-Inter University Centre for Humanities and Social Sciences
Indo-American Centre of International Studies (IACIS)
Some other organisations that provide support to social science research are:
Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Pune
Indian Institute of Public Administration, Delhi,
SNDT Women’s University Documentation Centre
National Social Science Information Centre (NASSIC), Baroda.
4. INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND PROGRAMMES IN HUMANITIES
In India, several organizations have come up to promote and support research activities in
the field of humanities. Libraries and information centres attached to these organizations
help researchers and users in their work. Some of these centres are:
National Archives of India, New Delhi
National Museum, New Delhi
Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR), New Delhi
Indian Council for Historical Research (ICHR), New Delhi
Indira Gandhi National Centre for Arts (IGNCA), New Delhi
National Mission for Manuscripts, New Delhi
5. CONCLUSION
Information is a vital resource for users and for information specialists. The national
organizations, international organizations and professional bodies are engaged in providing
services and products which help in closing the information gap. The modern technologies,
especially the computer and the telecommunication technologies, have helped to bridge this
gap to a great extent.
In this module, we have Identified the major organizations engaged in performing
information functions in various subject areas, viz.
science and technology, social sciences
and humanities. The role these organisations in providing information to the target users
has been highlighted. We have also listed broadly the programmes and activities being
undertaken by such organizations in promotion, coordination and development of library and
information services
ASSESSMENT & EVALUATION
A. Multiple Choice Questions with Answers
1. NASSDOC is sponsored by:
a. ICSSR
b. ICMR
c. CSIR
d. ICAR
2. IGNCA (Indira Gandhi National Centre for Arts) was established in the memory of
a. Mahatama Gandhi
b. Indira Gandhi
c. Rajiv Gandhi
d. Jawahar Lal Nehru
3. ENVIS is associated with the subject field of Public libraries acquire story books with
pictures for
a. Agriculture
b. Environment Science
c. Engineering
d. Medical sciences
4. Indian National Digital Library in Engineering Sciences and Technology (INDEST)
Consortium provides access to
a. English magazines
b. DVDs
c. Full text e- journals
d. Engineering databases
5. NISCAIR is mainly carrying out activities in the field of
a. Documentation
b. Mathematics
c. Science and technology
d. Medical sciences
Answers: 1. a 2. b 3. b 4. c 5. c
B.True & False Statements
1. DESIDOC is situated in Ahmedabad.
2. The activities of the Indian Institute of Public Administration (IIPA) are organized in
four inter-related areas of Research, Training, Advisory Services and Dissemination
of Information.
3. Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR) was established by President A.P.J.
Abul Kalam for strengthening the ties of cultural cooperation and exchange between
India and other countries.
4. The Kala Nidhi Division is the knowledge hub of IGNCA and is designed to support
the research objectives of the various divisions of the Centre.
5. Indian Council for Historical Research has two regional centres, in North-east region
and Southern region of India.
Correct Answer
1. False
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. True
C. Fill in the Blanks
1. NISCAIR is acronym for National Institute of ------------------------------------------------------
and ------------------------------------------------.
2. The ICSSR has set up a Documentation Centre for ASIAN Studies (DOCAS) with
financial assistance from the Government of ---------------------------.
3. In India, major initiatives in the field of social sciences have been by the -----------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------and its related bodies.
4. National Mission for Manuscripts was launched in --------------------------------------.
5. DSIR has launched a new programme called as ------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------to replace NISSAT programme.
.
Correct Answer
1. Science Communication , Information Resources
2. Japan
3. Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR)
4. February 2003
5. Technology Information Facilitation Programme.
SUPPORTING MATERIALS/LEARN MORE
A. DID YOU KNOW
Description Image Source
ICMR-NIC Center for
Biomedical Information
was set up in 1986 to
cater to the information
needs of medical
professionals, who had
limited access to the
existing resources. This
Centre was set up
primarily to provide
information from National
Library of Medicine (NLM)
MEDLARS databases.
Information was provided
from MEDLINE
(MEDLARS Online)
database available in
CDROM format and from
NLM host computer. In
1990, the Center was
designated as the 17th
International MEDLARS
Center or Indian
MEDLARS Center (IMC).
http://indmed.nic.in/trng/imcdbcha
p.htm
National Social Science
Documentation Centre
(NASSDOC), was
established in 1969 as a
Division of the ICSSR
with the objective to
provide library and
information support
services to researchers in
social sciences; those
working in academic
institutions, autonomous
research organisations,
policy making, planning
and research units of
government departments,
business and industry etc.
NASSDOC also provides
guidance to libraries of
ICSSR Regional Centres
and ICSSR supported
Research Institutes.
http://www.icssr.org/doc_intro.htmB. INTERESTING FACTS
No. Interesting Facts
1. After India got independence, Scientific and Technological research and
development led to the growth of about 1200 special libraries attached to the Indian
Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Indian Council of Medical Research
(ICMR), Defence Research & Development Organization (DRDO), Council of
Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and the Indian Space Research
Organization (ISRO) apart from various Central and State Government agencies.
These libraries were instrumental in establishment of National information systems
in respective subject areas in the last 4-5 decades.
2. The Library of Tata Institute of Social Sciences established along with the
institute in 1936 is one of the leading social science libraries in the country. The
library was named as "Sir Dorabji Tata Memorial Library" on 3rd May, 2002 in
the memory of late Sir Dorabjii Tata. It is geared to meet the academic and research
information needs of the user community. It provides a conducive environment for
intellectual enquiry by providing user-focused services to obtain and evaluate
scholarly information and knowledge.
Since the library specializes in the field of
applied social sciences, it has become most sought after library for the social
scientists in India. It is a unique Knowledge Centre, which offers essential and
specialized information resources and services to meet the growing information
needs of users.
3. The manuscript wealth of India is estimated at around five million manuscripts
and is perhaps the largest collection of in the world. Manuscripts are found in a
vast number of languages and scripts many of which can no longer be read.
The National Mission for Manuscripts was established in February 2003, by the
Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Government of India. An ambitious project in
its programme and mandate, the Mission seeks to unearth and preserve the
vast manuscript wealth of India. "namami" is an acronym for National Mission
for Manuscripts.
C. TIMELINE
D. GLOSSARY
Starting
Character
Term Definition Related
Term
D DRDO Defence Research and Development
Organisation
I ICSSR Indian Council of Social Science Research Information
Providers
The Information providers are
organizations that collect information,
select appropriate documents and convert
the material into machine readable form.
They are the creator and access providers
to the databases.
Information
System
An information system is a network of
information centres at different levels
working in perfect harmony and close cooperation
with each other with the
objectives of storing and dissemination of
information usually of a specific type or a
specific community.
In other words, an
information system is a group of
components that interact to produce
information for a specific group of users.
Infrastructure All institutional bodies holding information
resources and facilities
Inter Governmental
International organization where the
members are national governments.
L Library Network A library network is a collective or
cooperative activity of linking
members/users to the resources
hosted on computers by means of
telecommunication connections.
P Promotion Advancement or encouragement on
behalf of some cause, product, service or
organization.
E. WEB LINKS / REFERENCES
References
Atherton, Pauline. Handbook for Information Systems and Services. Paris:
UNESCO, 1977.
Kent , Allen, ed. Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science. London:
Macmillian, 1980.
Khanna, J.K. Documentation and information services, systems and
techniques. Agra: Y.K. Publishers, 2000.
Khanna, J. K. Handbook of Information Systems and Services. New Delhi:
Beacon Books, 1996.
Web links
www.icssr.org
www.niscair.res.in
www.ignca.nic.in
www.nationalarchives.nic.in
www.nationlmuseumindia.nic.in
http://www.ncaer.org/
www.indmed.nic.in
http://www.nic.in
/http://drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/DESIDOC/English/index.jsp?pg=AreasWork.jsp
http://www.inflibnet.ac.in/
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